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BIOMASS DEpolymerization  Fashioning fuel from plants requires the use of the individual sugar molecules that make up a plant's fundamental structure. To free those individual molecules so they can be used to produce biofuel means severing the chemical bond that holds them together, much like a sturdy string binds the pearls on a necklace. The crucial process of breaking the chemical bond among the sugar molecules — cutting the necklace's string, if you will — is known as depolymerization.
EBI researchers in this program are determined to establish more efficient depolymerization methods to replace the costly practices now being used. And that's important. Right now, this step is the single most expensive aspect of producing biofuels. Developing a less costly but still effective depolymerization method will help reduce the cost of producing biofuels, making them more reasonably priced.
Programs (with 2009 Updates)
- Chemical Imaging of Plant Biomass with Micro- and Nano-Raman Spectroscopy
PI: Paul Adams, LBNL
- Precision Atlases of Plant Cell Walls
PI: Manfred Auer, LBNL
- Biomass Pretreatment & Chemical Synthesis of Transportation Fuels
PIs: Alexis Bell, Harvey Blanch, UC Berkeley
- Cellulosomes Optimized for Biofuel Production
PI: Jamie H. D. Cate, UC Berkeley
- Enhanced Conversion of Lignocellulose to Biofuels: Bioprocess Optimization from Cellulose Hydrolysis to Product Fermentation
PIs: Douglas S. Clark, Harvey W. Blanch, UC Berkeley
- Discovery and Characterization of Hydrolytic Enzymes to Improve Biocatalysis and Conversion of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides to Biofuels
PI: Isaac Cann, U of Illinois
- Microbiological and Biochemical Approaches to Overcome Biomass Recalcitrance
PI: John A. Gerlt, U of Illinois
- Enzyme-inspired Catalysts for Enhancing Biofuels Production
PI: Alexander Katz, UC Berkeley
- Development of Novel Catalysts
PI: Dean Toste, UC Berkeley
Projects (with 2009 Updates)
- Fungi and Deconstruction of Lignin and Other Components of Miscanthus Cell Walls
PI: John Taylor, UC Berkeley
- Biomass to Transportation Fuel via Hydrodeoxygenation
PI: Jonathan Ellman, UC Berkeley
- Enzyme Discovery in Grass-feeding Termites for the Depolymerization of Lignocellulosic Biomass
PI: Philip Hugenholtz, LBNL
- Surface Kinetic Mechanisms of Enzymatic Cellulose Deconstruction
PI: Clayton J. Radke, UC Berkeley
- Analysis of Bovine Rumen Microbiota Under Different Dietary Regimens for Identification of Feedstock-targeted Cellulolytic Genes
PI: Edward Rubin, LBNL
- Detoxification of Miscanthus Hydrolysates with a New Phase Separation Method
PI: Hao Feng, U of Illinois
- Fractionating Recalcitrant Miscanthus by a Two-Stage Treatment under Mild Reaction Conditions
PI: Hao Feng, U of Illinois
- Ecology and Exploitation of Endophytic Diazotrophic Bacteria in Biofuel Crops
PI: Angela Kent, U of Illinois
- Catalytic Conversion and Degradation of Lignocellulosic Materials
PI: Thomas Rauchfuss, U of Illinois
- Discovery and Characterization of Lignin-Degrading Enzymes
PI: Michelle Chang, UC Berkeley
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